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| Nodal (protein) ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
NODAL
Nodal is a secretory protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NODAL'' gene〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4838 )〕 which is located on chromosome 10q22.1. It belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-beta) superfamily. Like many other members of this superfamily it is involved in cell differentiation in early embryogenesis, playing a key role in signal transfer from the node, in the anterior primitive streak, to lateral plate mesoderm (LPM).
Nodal signaling is important very early in development for mesoderm and endoderm formation and subsequent organization of left-right axial structures.〔 In addition, Nodal seems to have important functions in neural patterning, stem cell maintenance〔〔 and many other developmental processes, including left/right handedness.〔
== Signaling ==
(詳細はSMAD 2/3 and subsequent translocation of SMAD 4 to the nucleus promotes the expression of genes involved in proliferation and differentiation.〔 Nodal also further activates its own expression via a positive feedback loop.〔〔 It is tightly regulated by inhibitors Lefty A, Lefty B, Cerberus, and Tomoregulin-1, which can interfere with Nodal receptor binding.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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